Cis 500 Case Study 1

Case Study 1: The Big Data Challenges Richard Lall Dr. Kim Anthony CIS500010VA016-1128-001 Info Syst Decision-Making October 28, 2012 Judge how Volvo Car Corporation integrated the cloud infrastructure into its networks. Volvo split from Ford in in 2010. In doing so they needed to create their own standalone IT environment and at the same time improve its business intelligence capabilities and operational efficiency (Microsoft, 2012).In a world where many consumers value smart technology in coexistence with automotive engineering, Volvo has created vehicles with hundreds of sensors and CPU’s embedded throughout the car (I-CIO, 2011). â€Å"Besides vehicle data gathered by sensors in and on the vehicle, we also collect visual information from four cameras. This gives us a good view of what happened in the cab and on the road at any given point in time† (Volvo Group, 2011).From the central locking system to the on board camera’s, data is being captured for use with in the vehicle and then transmitted via the cloud back to Volvo (I-CIO, 2011). Once data is received at Volvo it is streamed to a centralized analysis hub (the Volvo Data Warehouse), alongside data from customer relationship management systems (CRM), dealership systems, and product development and design systems (I-CIO, 2011). Once data is retrieved at the Volvo Data Warehouse it is archived where it can be retrieved and analyze or manipulated by Volvo employees.Through the cloud Volvo is massing large amount of rich data and this is providing them with the opportunity to â€Å"turn that resource into something that no only helps build better cars, but also helps the customer have a better experience [through their interaction and above all safety]† (I-CIO, 2011). Explain how Volvo Car Corporation transforms data into knowledge. Utilizing the Volvo data Warehouse to splice data together Volvo is able to perform analysis on various vehicle aspects. Having this abundance of dat a quicker allows Volvo to be pre-warned about potential issues pertaining to mechanical problems (I-CIO, 2011).Becoming educated on vehicle issues early in the car’s lifecycle allows Volvo to spot flaws in vehicle parts allowing them modify the manufacturing process to correct the issue (I-CIO, 2011). By applying â€Å"well-honed lean processes†, Volvo is able limit the number of part defects that reach the consumer (I-CIO, 2011). Instead of 500,000 units being impacted the issue can be stopped at the first 1000, leaving a majority of customer experience positive and brand name intact (I-CIO, 2011). â€Å"Another area where large-scale data capture and analysis is driving improvements is in safety† (I-CIO, 2011).At the safety center in in Sweden the company is performing detailed forensic examinations on Volvo’s that have been in various accidents (I-CIO, 2011). Using these examinations, Volvo can detect and analyze the timing of airbags, timing of brakin g system and weather conditions. Post analysis results allow Volvo to create software and system updates that can be loaded onto consumer vehicles ensuring that vehicles will perform better in accidents (I-CIO, 2011). Identify the real-time information systems implemented and evaluate the impact of these implementations.Post the Ford break-up in 2010, Volvo had a unique opportunity to implement a new standalone IT infrastructure. Pre implementation Volvo sought to improve data management. The company relied on IT personnel to design and generate data reports, which was slow and in-efficient (Microsoft, 2012). â€Å"Also, there [was] no central location for storing reports, so information often is distributed by sending a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet or other attachment in an email message. This means distribution is limited, and the information can be hard to find† (Microsoft, 2012).To address the various issues of quality and efficiency Volvo deployed a â€Å"solution based on Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Business Intelligence data management software and related BI technologies, including Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 and Microsoft Office 2010. One of the big reasons for choosing Microsoft is that Microsoft products are designed to work well together† (Microsoft, 2012). The impact of this implementation led to reduce costs and enhanced collaboration across various Volvo business units and departments. Argue how the Big Data strategy gives Volvo Car Corporation a competitive advantage.Being able to see into future is still impossible but using the knowledge we gain to today to make better decisions so tomorrow is better is exactly the advantage that Volvo has attained. Their Big Data strategy has allowed them analyze a variety of aspects of vehicle and consumer coexistence. From specific parts to safety Volvo is now empowered to create better overall vehicles not just initially but throughout the life of the vehicle. Big Data gives Volvo a height ened sense of collaboration from design to manufacturing to the dealership, thus giving them an edge over their competition. Works Cited I-CIO. 2011, January). Converting data into business value at volvo. Retrieved from http://www. i-cio. com/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/8833/i-cio_Case_Study_Volvo. pdf Microsoft. (2012). Bi solution boosts operational efficiency and reduces costs at volvo car corporation . Retrieved from http://www. microsoft. com/casestudies/Case_Study_Detail. aspx? CaseStudyID=710000000271 Volvo Group. (2011). Collecting driving data to improve safety. Retrieved from http://www. volvogroup. com/group/global/en-gb/researchandtechnology/transport_society/enhancing_safety/collecting_data_for_safety/Pages/collecting_data_for_safety. aspx

Reflection of When Things Fall Apart Essay

Pema Chodron should be considered a spiritual teacher for anyone. Whether they are aspiring to have one, they already have one or don’t desire one at all. In her book, When Things Fall Apart, Pema Chodron exposes the overwhelming potential for happiness, wisdom and courage. She explains how one can experience all of these even during the most painful of circumstances. She introduces us to the face that there is an ultimate opportunity for the right of happiness that is right within our reach and she explains how we usually miss the opportunity for that happiness. She conveys to us that we miss that opportunity for happiness because we are all caught up in the attempts to escape the pain, fear and suffering in our lives. Her stellar story, which should and probably does guide many lives, demonstrates to us how we can utilize all of our painful emotions and develop them into compassion and courage, wisdom and understanding, and ways of communication that open up to more opportun ities for openness and true interaction with others. She gives us practices for reversing our negative everyday habits and methods for operating with stressful chaotic situations. She shows us ways to develop our painful and fearful emotions into compassionate and energetic feelings that manifest themselves into social action. She worked for 20 years to develop the practices that she preaches as a Tibetan Buddhist nun, while drawing in from her earlier years of experience and feelings as an everyday housewife and mother. She gives whole-hearted and thoughtful advice and wisdom that drew from all of her experience in her life. Her deep-seated and kind hearted advice establishes the grounds for what to do when lings begin to fall apart in our live and go against the normalcy in our environments and expectations. The instruction and assistance that she gives us is meant to offer us comfort and is meant to challenge our actions in our daily lives to live deeply, whole-heartedly and contribute to creating a more loving, peaceful and honest world. She teaches us how to hone in on our painful emotions in order to gain substantial amounts of wisdom and compassion for ourselves so that we many bring it outwards to our neighbors and the world around us. When we have the courage to step into the uncharted waters of our mental and emotional territory and relax, we can discover the happiness and contentment that does not need to depend on the world around us but the world in our minds that we can control and make our own. In her story she shows discuss and depicts many of the aspects of her life that she has experienced. She also discusses how a man named Trungpa Rinpoche taught her all about Buddhism and deeper was or meditation. â€Å"Fear is a universal experience. Even the smallest insect feels it. We wade in the tidal pools and put our finger near, the soft, open bodies of sea anemones and they close up. Everything spontaneously does that. It’s not a terrible thing that we feel fear when faced with the unknown. It is part of being alive, something we all share. We react against the possibility of loneliness, of death, of not having anything to hold onto. Fear is a natural reaction to moving closer to the truth.† As I read this passage writing by Pema, I was astounded. I had never thought of our lives like this. It was completely true. As we enter the unknown in our lives we never just jump at the chance. We have to stop and think to ourselves if we should keep going or if we should turn around. We all have fear and we may externally deal with fear in different ways however, we are all the same on the inside when we deal with fear. We all wish that we could curl up into a little ball and make the fear go away. Fear itself is always a result of the unknown. When you are afraid of something, it is because we don’t really know what to do or what is going on. I agree with what she says. It isn’t a terrible thing to feel fear. We all experience fear in our lives and we should embrace it and hone in on our fear so that we can make the unknown the known. If you walked up to someone on the street and asked them what they were afraid of it would be a form of something that is to them, the unknown. It is universal. Not everyone has the same fear, but we all have one. She uses the metaphor of wading in the tide pools but not going all the way in and the sea anemone closes up as someone gets close to it. When you think about it, as you go to the swimming pool in the summer, you don’t see many people just jump in. They all test the water and are afraid to get splashed because they aren’t used to the water and the way it feels. In a way, we are all like the sea anemone. We close up when we are pushed into experiences that we aren’t yet comfortable with. But we need to continue to be like the anemone and open up. â€Å"I have a friend dying of AIDS. Before I was leaving for a trip, we were talking. He said, ‘I didn’t want this and I hated this, and I was terrified of this. But it turns out that this illness has been my greatest gift.’ He said, ‘Now every moment is so precious to me. All the people in my life are so precious to me. My whole life means so much to me.’ Something had really changed, and he felt ready for his death. Something that was horrifying and scary had turned into a gift.† I have come across a few people in my life that have HIV or AIDS and they all say the same thing. This quote hit me really hard because it was so personal. If you ever have a conversation with someone who has dealt with this for most of their life, they explain to you that the fear is gone. They had fear. A lot of fear in fact. But eventually, all of that fear went away and they began to accept what had happened to them and they realize that this is the path that they were meant to lead. I once listened to a man teach a seminar on HIV and AIDS. At the end of the seminar, he told us that he himself had full blown AIDS. He told us that yes he would eventually die and he wasn’t afraid of that. He was afraid of not being able to educate and prevent someone from making some of the same mistakes that he had made before he died. I fell that this was the best way for Pema to express the being able to hone in on your fear and turn it into happiness. When I read that part of this story, I truly understood what she was trying to tell us. We all have fear but if we can accept that fear and project it in a different way, we can have happiness†¦

Argument essay (research paper) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Argument essay ( ) - Research Paper Example Individual nations require embracing a common culture for mutual understanding. Many cultures exist across the globe. The individual nations have a tendency to practice unique customs. The complexity of the cultures can be a huge barrier to the quest to realize a common culture. Some cultures with strong ideologies are associated with the global conflicts. In fact, the link of certain cultures with wars has been a major concern by powerful nations such as the United States (Dittmer 78). In this respect, a number of complex relations influence the comprehension of the contemporary culture. The media, interculturalism, and globalization have endeavored to promote the mutual cultural understanding. In this regard, the media has continued to portray the values embraced by different cultures. Similarly, globalization has attempted to bring nations with varying cultures together with the intent of shaping the economic and political agendas. However, the efforts to enhance cultural awareness face tremendous challenges. Communication barriers hamper the comprehension a nd incorporation of cultures of different nations. Communication barrier is a major drawback to the realization of a common culture. Different cultures have their way of communicating and interpreting of the messages. Notably, the organizations that operate overseas face the challenge of miscommunication. Consequently, the miscommunication tends to jeopardize cohesion, trust, and teams that outsource. Essentially, the cultural barriers amount to communication challenges in both written and verbal forms. In fact, the communication challenges prompt organizations to invest a lot of effort in decoding and encoding messages. The investment aims at increasing the slow interaction between the multinational companies and the locals. The extent of how the employees in virtual teams reveal their intentions through explicit verbal communication is greatly

The Evaluation of the Hiring Process Used By the Firm Case Study - 1

The Evaluation of the Hiring Process Used By the Firm - Case Study Example This reflects a well thought out approach to hiring process which might yield undesirable results if conducted haphazardly or in a hurry or if started late as that would leave the firm to choose from only the leftovers that have been rejected by all prospective employers that have commenced and completed their entire recruitment process even before S. G. Cowen had made any moves. S.G. Cowen already has with them associates who had joined the firm as interns when they were in their first or second year in a business school. These associates had joined the firm in the break between their first and second years in their business schools and were offered full-time employment as they completed their internship that started the following summer. Some other associates had never been to a business school but had served as interns in the firm for three years and were promoted as first-year associates after they completed their internship. Very often officials of S.G. Cowen conduct ‘informational interviews’ prior to the actual formal process to gauge the level of seriousness and intent of the prospective candidates. Though this is essentially an informal process it helps the firm to focus on serious candidates and thus reduces unnecessary efforts on those that are genuinely not interested and have appeared just for the sake of appearing. It must be mentioned that prospective candidates have to appear for these informal interviews at their own expense thus automatically segregating those that were seriously interested from those that are rather casual about the whole process. S.G. Cowen also appointed ‘group captains’ or contact persons at every core business school to ensure students always had someone through whom they would be able to remain in constant contact with the firm. These contact persons are seldom ever from the human resource department. Rather, they are professional investment bankers with long years of service with the firm. These people served the twin purposes of locating the best possible candidates who would be able to seamlessly merge with the company and also attracting students who though interested in investment banking but are not quite sure as to which firm they would join.  Ã‚  

In what ways can we argue that the international community has an Essay

In what ways can we argue that the international community has an obligation to alleviate poverty in the world - Essay Example This has been leaving the poor on the mercies of the rich in the society. Therefore, the international community has a role of setting up policies and implementing them, an aspect that will eliminate cartels who have been hijacking this noble process. International community has a role of ensuring that there is equal distribution of resources across the economies. In the past one century, developed countries have been marginalizing smaller economies which have poorly formed developed structure. Through brain drain and exploitation of the resources by economic powerhouses has increased the level of poverty in the world. The international community has a role of ensuring that all countries engaging in any form of trade where all parties benefit. This will play a significant role in ensuring that there is economic balance. In addition, it should follow-up in order to ensure that the money obtained through these transactions reach the needy in the society. This can be through supervising mega projects by the governments and auditing them in order to curb corruption cases. The fact that the world is not united towards the agenda of alleviating poverty makes it hard for the international community. Each country tries to drive its own economic prosperity. In addition, some countries are not willing to set up a certain amount of money to help the countries that are crumpling with high poverty rates. This has made it hard for the international community to achieve any remarkable

Gel point and fractal microstructure of incipient blood clots are Essay

Gel point and fractal microstructure of incipient blood clots are significant new markers of hemostasis for healthy and anticoagulated blood - Essay Example This way, the study aimed at investigating the value of dimension Df that characterized incipient clots formed in unadulterated blood samples, which were extracted from healthy participants. This was with a view to establish a â€Å"healthy index† which was to be used in representing a value of an incipient clot microstructure in terms of fractal dimension, and to further manipulate a healthy blood using unfractionated heparin. It also aimed at comparing any change in Df against standard thromboelastography (TEG) and laboratory coagulation markers. The subjects were divided into two groups: the healthy group and the Anticoagulant group. For the healthy group, strict exclusion criteria ensures healthy volunteers who were on antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy, and those with a family or personal history of thromboembolic disease, and any acute disease, hepatic, renal dysfunction, or cancer were eliminated. This group consisted of 23 women, and 29 men totalling to 52 healthy patients. The mean age for the subject of this group was 33.6 years. On the other hand, the anticoagulant group had 38 healthy adults: 13 women, 25 men, and a mean age 25.2 years. In studying the impact of inhibiting production of thrombin on an incident clot, volumes (>10 uL) of unfractionated heparin were added to a volume of 20 mL of blood in vitro. The resulted in the production of an effective Antifactor (Xa) concentration ranging from 0.05 to 0.08 IU/mL. To minimize any dilution effect, a small volume of heparin was added to a larger volume of blood. The unfractionated heparin was altered to prolong activated partial thromboplastin to the range corresponding to the 0.3 to 0.7 U/mL of heparin. For analysis purposes 4 ml aliquots of blood was extracted from a sample for full blood count analysis including a platelet count. Samples were collected into full-draw dipotassiu, ethlenediamitetraacetic acid vacuattes. The Sysmex XE 2100 was used to analyse FBC. In the Rheometry, aliquots

Financial Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Financial Strategy - Essay Example However, it should not be forgotten that today’s business environment is highly competitive, unpredictable, unstructured and complex; therefore, only fittest and stronger firms having proactive approach could survive in contemporary business outlook. Proactive approach is actually about sensing problems before hand and devising alternate solutions / strategies to avert damage in upcoming future. In addition, the proactive approach also refers to setting trends in the industry or marketplace through product development, quality maintenance, innovation, branding and differentiation strategies. It should be highlighted that business is all about taking risks. An entrepreneur identifies the gaps and opportunities in the market after which risks one’s resources to capitalise them for profit generation and monetary gains. Risks are identified, evaluated and measured through quantitative tools and statistical methods so that the strategic planners would gain a near-to-accurate insight over the potential scope in any specific industry (Lynch, 2008); (Emmison & Smith, 2002); (Johnson & Scholes, 2008). In other words, if all perceived risks are not evaluated and measured correctly then the probability of business failure and financial losses will be higher. For instance, if the risks associated with any business are high then investors also expect high rate of return because of effort and risk involved. This means that it is difficult to enter in a risky field and industries (more barriers) because of greater probability of losses and low chance of survival; however, the success of an entrepreneur in a riskier venture would entitle him / her to high profit margins and financial benefits (Beasley et al, 2005). As mentioned before that the organisations are operational in a highly complex and uncertain business environment; therefore, there is immense need of risk consciousness because even small mistakes and blunders may lead to adverse consequences. I would , thus, agree with this statement that a firm’s risk consciousness governs the underlying strategies that are employed by the enterprise. Risk consciousness, in simple words, refers to paying serious attention to identify any small and large risks associated in setting up a new business, expanding an existing firm (in either domestic or foreign markets), introducing a new product, innovating an existing product range, acquiring diversified businesses, shifting from debt to equity financing and others etc (Neale & Haslam, 1994). Nonetheless, risk consciousness takes place when top management / policy – makers implement measures that would help instilling risk management culture within a corporate setting (Glen, 2007). In fact, the more prudent, judicious, efficient and calculated the strategic planners are in determining, assessing, measuring and communicating risks with their subordinates and organizational members, the more effectively risk management culture and risk consciousness could be developed and implemented with the support of chief risk officers (Lam, 2000); (Colquitt et al, 1999) (Bender & Ward, 2002). In addition, the firms that are not risk conscious face situations in which problems have to be tackled immediately when they occur due to absence of proactive risk management approach and contingency plans. Obviously, this leads to nothing but inefficiencies and losses in the short run that could have been avoided

ITM 301 Mod 2 CBT - Principles of Information Systems in Business and Essay

ITM 301 Mod 2 CBT - Principles of Information Systems in Business and Organizations - Essay Example the help desk solve the problems of the customers to the maximum, the following are some of the essentials in setting up of a customer service department: 1. Define the objective. According to Ruby Bayan2, the organization has to first decide what is objective of creating a helpdesk. Are you planning to give expert advice or are you planning to handle the maximum number of customers or is your objective to have a personal touch. When the objective is clear then, it is easy to set our priorities in organizing the other resources. 2. Understand the customer: When it comes to understanding the customer, an in-depth analysis is required about the profile of the customer. The customers’ type of business, volume of business, the type of technology adopted, the kind of problems faced by the customers frequently and what is the procedure adopted to solve customer problems. When an understanding of the customers’’ technologies and help desk management, we can choose the kind of service we have to offer. So we can get an idea about the kind of software to be used to achieve our objectives. 3. Select the technology: There is always a debate whether to buy software or to build customized software for your organization. The diagram below shows the factors that have to be considered before making a decision by the management. According to Hoffman3, the decision to develop a customized software should depend on the competitive edge it can create. When a software is very essential to create an edge over the competition and if it defines the basic purpose of the organization, the cost of development of the software is justified. On the other hand if the organization can use an off the shelf software the company should buy the software to reduce the operational costs and thereby can pass on the cost benefit to its customers. The author suggests that the organization can buy a software and adjust its operations according to the software implemented which will require less

The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Example for Free

The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Throughout the study of literature, it is believed that most works cannot be fully understood without a biographical strategy. In order to understand a work, the reader must understand the author’s life and experiences to grasp the full concept of that work. In Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† Gilman uses symbolism, personification, and other literary tools to portray the way women were treated throughout this particular era. Gilman also uses a romanticism approach when writing â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†. The narrator believes that the woman trapped in the wallpaper, symbolizes her and all the other women living in the male dominant society. Romanticism represents an art for arts sake. Born in 1860, Charlotte Perkins Gilman was forced into an era of male supremacy. Gilman was abandoned by her father from infancy and often left into the care of relatives including Harriet Beecher Stowe and feminist activists, Isabella Beecher Hooker and Catherine Beecher. Strong and influential women, struggling for their place in a male dominant world, shaped Gilman’s childhood. The women made Gilman an independent young lady, teaching her importance of exercise and philosophy, over that of clothes and jewelry. At the age of 24, Gilman married her first husband, Charles Walter Stetson. After having her daughter the next year, Gilman went into a deep depression. The noted neurologist, S. Weir Mitchell, examined her. He told her to follow his ‘rest cure’ of complete bed rest and limited intellectual activity. This meant no writing. Gilman realized that this ridiculous cure was actually driving her more insane, so she removed herself from Mitchells care. When her health got better during a trip to California she paired her emotional problems to her marriage and decided to leave her husband. In 1900, Gilman married for the second time to her cousin George Houghton Gilman. Gilman continued her feministic journey until discovering she was diagnosed with Breast Cancer. She left a final note that read, â€Å"When one is assured of unavoidable and imminent death, it is the simplest of human rights to choose a quick and easy death in place of a slow and horrible one. Charlotte Perkins Gilman took her life on August 17, 1935, in Pasadena, California, at the age of 75. Gilman’s main intent in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† is to portray the way women were viewed and treated during this time period. In the later 19th century, men were the superior race. Women oftentimes went from being born into a house with a father; to being married off to someone they weren’t exactly happy to be with, leaving no time for a woman to experience life without someone â€Å"in-charge† of them. Gilman did not want to be like other woman of this time, she redefined womanhood, proclaiming that men and women were to be equal. This ‘new woman’ was to be an intelligent, well-informed, and well-educated free thinker, the creator and expresser of her own ideas. She was to be economically self-sufficient, socially independent, and politically active. She would share the opportunities, duties, and responsibilities of the workplace with men, and together they would share the solitude of the hearth. Finally, the new woman was to be as informed, assertive, confident, and influential as she was compassionate, nurturing, loving, sensitivea woman of the world as well as of the home. Gilmans vision of an autonomous female challenged not only the traditional cult of true womanhood but the concepts and values of family, home, religion, community, capitalism, and democracy. † (De Simone) â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† starts off with the main character, Jane, talking of a â€Å"colonial mansion,† that seems to be a place to vacation. Gilman gives detail of this set-back home that almost gives the reader an eerie feeling, which foreshadows events to come. When Jane starts to describe her husband, she gives the sense that he mocks her and he often laughs at her. This symbolization gives insight to her own life where she often felt mocked and taken for granted by men. As the story goes in deeper, Jane tells that she is going to the house because of the rest care she was prescribed, very similar to that of Gilman’s. When they get to the house, Jane enables the reader to see the room with the yellow wallpaper. The windows were barred and there were restraints on the bed and she tells of scratches on the walls and ceilings. Jane believes that this room could have been a nursery or a babysitting room, but this does not make sense because when Jane reaches out to scratch the walls, she can barely even touch. How could a young child have ever reached if Jane, a grown woman, could not? As time goes on, Jane gradually learns to enjoy the room she is staying in, except for the dreaded yellow wallpaper. After being in the room for so long and dwelling on the wallpaper, Jane discovers someone trapped behind it. Jane believes she is getting better in health, but secretly is becoming obsessed with the woman, or so she believes, behind the wallpaper. Throughout the story, Gilman uses the romanticism approach. Romanticism expresses sensibility and passion. A romantic writer incorporates symbols, myths and images in their writing to help tell the story. Jane recognizes herself as the women trapped in the wallpaper. She believes that it symbolizes her feeling trapped in the house and under the control of her husband. She uses the Gilman tells of the room with barred windows and restraints as if it were a normalcy. Reading more into the story, the reader can gather that Gilman was symbolizing this room as a woman in a man’s world. The windows are barred, showing that there is no escape from that way, as there is no escaping a man in the universe. The restraints symbolize that a man can hold a woman back, along with keeping her close so that she doesn’t wander off. The idea of the woman creeping behind the paper mirrors Jane creeping to write, while being told that it is not recommended for her treatment. Although the ideas may be far out, the story that Gilman tells reflects her own life in many ways. When Gilman introduces the woman behind the wallpaper, it’s almost as if she is introducing herself into the story. Jane possesses many qualities and characteristics that Gilman portrayed in her own life and when Jane sees the woman in the wallpaper, it’s just like Gilman’s conflict with her own mind. It symbolizes a woman’s want to break away from society and be her own person in this world that has a complete control over her. Whether it’s a father, husband, or even brother, this time period focused on male’s first. The woman was told what to do and how to act and there was no room left for questions or disobedience. â€Å"Life is very much more exciting now than it used to be. You see I have something more to expect, to look forward to, to watch. I really do eat better, and am more quiet than I was. John is so pleased to see me improve! He laughed a little the other day, and said I seemed to be flourishing in spite of my wall-paper. † (Gilman 165) This quote displays Jane’s new obsession with the wallpaper and the thought that she is truly getting better. The fact that she mentions John’s happiness with her health leads the reader to think that he is a caring man, but after understanding Gilman’s own life, makes the reader see him as the domineering husband that he is. ’Ive got out at last,’ said I, ‘in spite of you and Jane. And Ive pulled off most of the paper, so you cant put me back! ’ Now why should that man have fainted? But he did, and right across my path by the wall, so that I had to creep over him every time! † This last quote is one of the most meaningful parts of the entire short story. While saying this, Jane makes herself become the woman in the wallpaper. Not only is it just a thought anymore, but when she lashes at her husband by saying â€Å"you and Jane,† Jane loses her sense of identity and takes on the role of the woman behind the wallpaper. She tells him that he cannot put her back, symbolizing that Jane does no longer want to be restrained to the room, nor him. Even after he faints, he is still in Jane’s way, leaving her to creep around him still. â€Å"Even while considering herself a writer, and implying that she could have been a notable artist, throughout her life, Gilman qualified her artistic achievements by insisting that what she had done was ‘perfect of its kind, but not art'; that she was devoted to ‘literature and lecturing,’ but that her writing was ‘not, in the artistic sense, literature. (Heilmann) Gilman was an impeccable example of what happens when a woman’s potential is seen over. She led a successful life and her work has helped the female race raise awareness of their capability in life. Although Gilman lived a long time ago, her work then has given females today a better understanding of where they have been, but also where they are going.

DBQ Andrew Jackson Essay Example for Free

DBQ Andrew Jackson Essay Andrew Jackson was a man of the people because he was once a part of the people. Before he was elected into office, he was a man who had lived a tough childhood but learned to manage and move forward to become a successful prosecutor and eventually a well known general. A man who has lived through a life filled with challenges knows what is best for his people and knows what they want. He wanted the people to be a part of the government. He wanted them to have a voice, which is why he believed in democracy but the way that he acted throughout his political career was not democratic at all. Andrew Jackson accomplished to changed many things in the government without the people’s vote. He had a part in the spoils system and he made decisions for groups of people that were completely unfair. Andrew Jackson was not a big fan of how the government was previously ranned. There was always something that he wanted to change. One of the things he changed were the rotation of the government officials in office. Of course he kept in mind that the people should be able to control all offices in congress so he proposed a constitutional amendment. He was changing the time period elected officials should remain in office. Not only did he change it for everyone else but he also wanted to changed it for himself. (Document D).

Ways Children Looked After By Local Authority Social Work Essay

Ways Children Looked After By Local Authority Social Work Essay In the context of Shona and her family, this assignment will firstly review the powers and orders necessary to bring the children to be looked after by the local authority along with the governing principles. It will then discuss relevant areas for review and the required order to ensure good care for the children, including how and when these should be reviewed. Finally, looking at the significance to the case study of s17 of Children Act, 1989 along with considering the different services presented to each sibling whilst in care. Police Powers Shonas case is discovered by police officers under-taking ordinary duties when social services departments and the courts are closed (Masson, 2001). CA, 1989 s46(1) gives the police power, without going to court, to remove or detain children for 72 hours if they have reasonable cause to believe that the children are likely to suffer significant harm (Brammer, 2010; Powell, 2001). Social Service Managers recognise the value of s46 as an emergency intervention but have criticised its excessive use as a result of police anxiety (Masson, 2001). The principle is that courts should make a decision to remove children wherever possible; therefore, s46 is to be used in exceptional circumstances. The local authority should have in place with the Clerks to the Justices an out of hours Emergency Protection Order (EPO) application process (HO Circular, 2008). Emergency Protection Order EPO is a short-term emergency measure, lasting up to 8 days with a possible extension of a further 7 days, whilst the local authority under CA, 1989 s47 investigates the childrens welfare. S44(1) of the act outlines the grounds for applications for an EPO of which there are two forms (any person and likely to suffer significant harm). The local authoritys application for Shona and her siblings is on the grounds that they are likely to suffer significant harm due to domestic violence. Although the court may agree that there are grounds for an EPO, it still needs to apply the principles contained in Part 1 of the act. Principles governing the decision-making Welfare Principle CA, 1989 s1 states that, the childs welfare shall be the courts paramount consideration. The meaning of s1 has been closely examined and criticised due to its wide range of interpretations (Brammer, 2010; Brayne and Carr, 2010). Decisions based on the welfare of the child are ultimately value judgements (Ryan, 1998: 8) Therefore, a checklist was added to maintain consistency and provide clear understanding (Ryan, 1998 and Brammer, 2010). For an EPO the court must consider the welfare principle but it does not have to consider the checklist (Brayne and Carr, 2010). Non-Delay Principle CA, 1989 s1(2), supported by European Court of Human Rights article 6(1), emphasises that any delay in court proceedings is potentially harmful to the welfare of the child (Brayne and Carr, 2010), therefore, the court needs to have regard to the non-delay principle. The Public Law Outline (PLO), 2008 attempted to address case management and avoid delays in court proceedings by setting a timetable. Masson argues that Legislating against delay did not change working practices; adult parties continue to create advantageous delay (2010; 55). No-order Principle CA, 1989 s1(5) directs courts to make no order, even if the harm threshold condition is satisfied, unless it considers that making an order would be better for the child than making no order at all (known as the no-order principle). The principle recognises the need for proportionality with three foundational aims: 1) discourage unnecessary court orders, 2) to ensure that the order is granted only where it is likely positively to improve the childs welfare and 3) discourage the making of unnecessary applications (DCSF, 2008: 7). If government guidance discourages unnecessary applications, this may account for research findings showing a general misunderstanding of this principle amongst local authorities who interpret it to mean that cases should not be taken to court unless it is totally necessary. The recent increase in court applications may demonstrate that the principle is not preventing Social Workers from carrying out their duties (DCSF, 2008; Brayne and Carr, 2010). The majority of court proceedings have resulted in orders being granted, therefore Mason argues, Neither the public nor the courts themselves have accepted the no order principle (2010, 57). Areas Needing to be looked at: Threshold Question As Shona has been in care for approximately three years, the local authority would have applied for a court order. This cannot be obtained without meeting the threshold criteria of CA, 1989 s31: identifying significant harm, cause for the harm and no order principle (Ryan, 1998; DOH, 1999). Significant harm has to be found to exist before the court will intervene in family life, however, as the term is not defined it causes considerable problems of interpretation. The Adoption and Children Act, 2002 s120 broadened harm to include witnessing or hearing it, which would be relevant in the case of Shona (Brammer, 2010). Assessment The children would be assessed under the child protection structure due to the physical abuse Liam endured and his sisters witnessed. This structure has evolved through a series of reports and government circulars. In 2008, the Children Act Guidance Volume One was revised and issued under s7 of the Local Authority Social Service Act, 1970 which provided clarity for what should be completed before making an order application (Brayne and Carr, 2010). Working Together to Safeguard Children, 2010 provides interagency guidance on assessment and investigation. The Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and Their Families, 2000 provided, under one structured system, a holistic assessment and planning tool for all children in need (Thomas, 2005: 83). Using the framework, the local authority, through the core assessment process, will need to consider both the childrens and parents needs along with those in the wider family and community, to reach a decision that an order is necessary to safeguard their welfare. The local authority would also need to seek legal advice and communicate to the parents their concerns (DCSF, 2008). Care Plan ACA, 2002 amended s31 of the CA, 1989 so that an order cannot be made until the court has considered a care plan (Brammer, 2010). A separate plan would be required for Shona, Liam and Siobhan so the court can consider their individual needs. The plans should be based on findings from the initial and core assessments with the structure, as guided by Local Authority Circular 99(29), 1999, being: 1) overall aim, 2) childs needs, 3) views of others, 4) detail on placement and 5) local authority management. The courts decision on the no-order principle will take into account the care plan for verification as to how the order would be applied (DOH, 2000). What Orders May Have Been Necessary Care Order In having met the threshold criteria, completed assessment and care plan the local authority under s31 would apply for a care order for the children. A care order, rather than a supervision order, involves the children being removed from their home and provides the local authority with shared parental responsibility for the children alongside the parents (Brayne and Carr, 2010). Reviews by Local Authority Upon granting an order, the court has no influence in the plan being carried out (Brammer, 2010). ACA, 2002 amended s25(a) CA, 1989 by requiring an Independent Review Officer (IRO) to be appointed to chair all review meetings of looked after children, ensure the child is involved in the review and will challenge poor practice, and any drift in implementing the Care Plan (HMG, 2003: 45). If the plan is not implemented the IRO can pass the case to CAFCASS who can now return it to court (Brammer, 2010). CA, 1989 s26 makes it a legal requirement for local authorities to regularly review the childrens care plans. Reviews ensure that it [plan] is being effectively implemented and to make any changes that have become necessary (Thomas, 2005: 76). All involved in the care of the children, including the child, should be involved in the review. The minimum requirements which reflect the no-delay principle, are set out in the Review of Childrens Cases Regulations 1991, amended in 2004. The first review should be held within four weeks of the children becoming looked after, followed by a further review at three months later and then six monthly (Brammer, 2010; Ryan, 1998). Relevance of s17 to case study Views of Parents Under s17 of CA, 1989, the local authority has a general duty to promote the upbringing of children in need by their families and with article 8 of the Human Rights Act, 1989; they would need to justify any interference in family life. Working Together, 2010 re-emphasized the commitment of partnership with parents in making plans for the welfare and protection of their children. There are a number of ways the local authority can work in partnership with Shonas parents; through consultation, taking into consideration their views, attendance at case conferences and being notified of any public proceedings (Brayne and Carr, 2010). CA 1989, s17 also makes clear that the first priority is to promote and safeguard the childrens welfare and then try to keep them within their family (Brayne and Carr, 2010). Provided that the welfare and safety of the children is paramount then potentially there should be no conflict between the principles of family support and child protection (Parton, 1997). However, research has shown that full partnership is difficult to reach when risks are high and families disagree with the perceived risks (Bell, 1999). The recent case of Baby Peter has highlighted the importance of Shonas Social Worker having the skill to recognize when partnership with the parents is failing to protect them (Brayne and Carr, 2010). The fathers violence towards the children could be a reason to exclude him from any conferences but his wishes can be obtained by other means (DCSF, 2010). It is also important to recognise that the childrens views and wishes may be different to their parents. Childs wishes The Children Act, 2004 s53 amended s17 of CA, 1989 making it a requirement that before deciding what services should be provided the childrens wishes should be obtained and given consideration (DCSF, 2010). CA, 1989 s22 by mentioning the child before the parents suggests that the childs wishes are to be the first consideration (Brayne and Carr, 2010). The law has also been criticised for assuming that it is possible to know objectively what is in a childs best interest but instead should give the children themselves a role in determining what happens (Thomas, 2005). However, the emphasis of listening to the childs wishes has recently been criticised as it undermines the courts authority to make a best interest decision (Times, 2010). Laws, policies and procedures continue to reflect he tension between these twin goals of safeguarding children and advocating their rights (Adams, 2009; 304). To ensure that the childs interests, wishes and rights are upheld in court, CA, 1989 s41(1) contains the duty, if required, for a Childrens Guardian to be appointed from CAFCASS (Brayne and Carr, 2010). Placement Details The local authority whilst taking into consideration the views of the children and parents, will have regards for s17 when considering placements for the children. The CA, 1989 s44(a) was amended by the Family Law Act, 1996 giving power to include exclusion requirement in emergency protection order. This could have been an option looked at in the case of Shona with the father being excluded from the family home (Brayne and Carr, 2010). Consideration of family members and friends as potential carers for Shona and her siblings should be explored and clearly demonstrated in their care plans before making a court order application (DCSF, 2008). S23(7) CA, 1989 promotes contact between parents and children with local authority, as is reasonably practicable, providing accommodation near to the family home and keeping siblings together. Under schedule 2 of CA, 1989 there are powers given to the local authority to assist in maintaining links between children and their family (Brayne and Carr , 2010). Options Available to each child Family Group Conference There are several methods for compiling the childrens care plans, with one such option being Family Group Conference (FGC) (Thomas, 2005). FGC has been described as a, realistic methods for merging the needs and interests of children and families and the protection concerns of public child welfare agencies, the courts, and the community (Chandler and Giovannucci, 2004: 217). Although there is no factual data, reviews of FGCs have implied that it is not a suitable option for domestic violence cases due to the welfare of the child. However, in the case of Shona, FGC may have been a viable option when initially becoming children cared for to help explore the welfare concerns, deciding what services are necessary and to take into consideration the children and parents views when considering permanency so to prevent the children becoming entrenched in the care system (Chandler and Giovannucci, 2004). Accommodation The local authority has a power under s20 CA, 1989 to provide accommodation to the three children (Ryan, 1998). From initially coming into care (the sisters going to foster care and Liam to residential care) up until their current situation (Shona and Siobhan different wishes to return home) decisions on the provision of accommodation have been paramount with the options to be explored being: kinship, foster care, residential, reunification, adoption and independence. ACA, 2002 provides guidance on the timescales for decisions about adoption with permanence, including adoption, needing to be considered at the second care plan review (Brayne and Carr, 2010: 378). Education / Crime Due to the highly publicised statistics of children in cares educational underachievement, crime rates and employability, the recent government has made a number of changes to legislation. Under s20 of the Children and Young Persons Act, 2008 all three children will have (had) a designated member of staff at their school responsibility for promoting the educational achievement. The local authority under s22 should provide for under 25 year olds assistance to pursue education or training which is relevant to Liam and Shonas current situation (Brammer, 2010: 356). Although the agenda for change is not without criticism, Its policy recommendations are framed within a social investment approach which values education as the route out of exclusion and into employability (Williams, 2004; 423). Schedule 2(7) of CA, 1989 puts an onus on the local authority to take reasonable steps designed to reduce the need to bring criminal proceedings against such children (Brammer, 2010: 369). Therefore the Youth Offending Team (YOT) could be a service considered for Liam. Adams argues that the number of detained children is high in the UK with, policy and practice regarding children and young people who have committed offences remain stubbornly resistant to welfare principles (2009; 318). Legal Requirements In 2003 the government published Every Child Matters (ECM) which introduced five outcomes for service providers to make arrangements to improve the well being of children: being healthy, staying safe, enjoying and achieving, making a positive contribution and economic wellbeing (2003:6-7). CA, 2004 was passed to provide a statutory framework for applying ECM with the five outcomes included in s10(2) of the act (Brayne and Carr, 2010). The act also introduced the requirement for working together of statutory departments and other relevant bodies for achieving the five outcomes (Brammer, 2010). In theory this provides Shona, Liam and Siobham with greater opportunity for services from public, private and voluntary sectors, however, this legislative change did not come with an increase in budget (Williams, 2004). The responsibility of the local authority to provide services to the children is outlined in schedule 2 of CA, 1989. The wording is moderated for example reasonable steps or con sider appropriate, therefore the local authority can prioritise services based on what is available rather than having to meet every need (Brammer, 2010). When more than one agency is involved in the childrens care a lead professional will be appointed to be responsible for ensuring a coherent package of services to meet the individual childs needs (HMG, 2003: 9). Conclusion In the situation of Shona and her family, this assignment has highlighted the current social and political thinking towards safeguarding children with the balance in the CA, 1989 between welfare and childrens wishes; the emphasis on partnership with parents; the importance of accountability through reviews and the value placed on children remaining with their families. The five outcomes for children in care provide a framework for the provision of services, however, the limitation in budgets does not support the political agenda.

Orwells Perception of the Political Power of Language Essay -- Politi

Orwell's Perception of the Political Power of Language As an author, George Orwell is concerned with the modern use and misuse of the English language. He notes the recognized ability of language to distort truth and deceive masses in his essay "Politics and the English Language", and attempts to alert the public of this power in his novel Nineteen-Eighty-Four . Depicting dystopia of a totalitarian system at a complete extreme, Orwelll's novel is essentially about psychological control of the public. In the creation of "Newspeak", Orwell portrays the effects of recurring abuse of language by government, and demonstrates how language can be used politically to manipulate minds on a monumental scale, eventually birthing a society in which people obey the government unquestionably. As argued in his essay and actualized in the novel, language acts as an instrument of mind-control, with the goal of perpetual elimination of individual consciousness and maintenance of a totalitarian regime. Orwell's essay begins with the understanding that "†¦the present political chaos is connected with the decay of language". In evaluating trends in current language, such as the use of pretentious diction and meaningless words, he argues that an individual morphs into a type of human machine , simply regurgitating information without involving any of his or her own thoughts. As Orwell says in the essay, "Political language . . . is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind" . In Nineteen-Eighty-Four, this phenomenon is depicted in the development of Newspeak. Developed chiefly to restrict the range of one's thought and shorten memory, Newspeak is an ideal language for a totali... ...mps: this is called elimination of unreliable elements" . Thus the use of Newspeak in Oceania similarly serves to uphold political obedience. As the Inner Party has the ability to alter the structure of language in Nineteen-Eighty-Four, it makes the conception of nonconformist and rebellious thought impossible, thus eliminating any questioning of the Party's absolute power. Both Orwell's novel and essay carry a grave warning about the political powers of language. He uses his media to demonstrate not only how language can cloak truth, but also how language can be used as an ultimate tool for maintenance of totalitarian regimes. While language is usually thought to extend cultural considerations and improve one's understanding of the world, Orwell's works illustrate how it can, when used in a vicious political way, become an instrument against human consciousness.

The Hooded Figure :: miscellaneous

The Hooded Figure A musty wet cloud of deadness was all about the chamber as a hooded figure stepped into the chamber. In the middle of the chamber was a huge fountain. The fountain had a mysterious glow that came from the ceiling. The hooded figure stopped just before the fountain, confused about which path to take for there were four paths in any of the four cardinal directions. The hooded figure came to it stopped and turned circles in his mind about which [path to take. The figure decided to take a short nap and decide in a moment. Argo came from the west hopping from branch to branch with no difficulty at all. Suddenly from the corner of his eye came a streaming bolt of white magic bound for his torso. Argo stopped mid air turned bring an arrow to his bow with one single motion. Flinging the arrow at his target and saying a few magical words to enchant the arrow to pass right through the target of his. The target let out a howling scream as the arrow caught it in the chest. â€Å"Well done Young Master.† came a voice in side of his head. â€Å"Tis but target practice!† hey Argo said back. â€Å"I want you to report back at my quarters within the hour. Do u have a problem with this?† â€Å"No!† he said in an exasperated voice. Argo continued on his travels to the City of Elves. Soon dropping to the ground to continue on foot to the City of Elves. Within the hour Argo was back in his masters quarters. â€Å"Master Arros I’m back!† yelled Argo when he reached his masters tree. â€Å"For a Moon Elf you are very good in the trees of Earth.† â€Å"Thanks. It comes naturally to my family.† â€Å"Take some rest your sister will be back within the next day.† As the hooded figure awoke to find himself next to the fountain still, he was dieing of thirst. Seeing the fountain as the only way to get water the figure cupped his hands to form a cup to take water. First he smelled it before quenching his thirst. A few seconds later the light on the fountain started to travel to a northern path. A door opened before the light reached it. The hooded figure decided to follow the light to the door. As the figure just passed through the door way the door swung shut right behind him.

Carl Robins Essay

This case study pertains to an employee by the name of Carl Robins. He has been employed by ABC, Inc as a Campus Recruiter for six months. In early April, during Mr. Robins first six months of employment; he successfully recruited 15 new hires. The new trainees were to report to Monica Carrolls, the Operations Supervisor, as they would be working under her. (University of Phoenix, 2014) This case study analysis of Mr. Robins is in relation to the numerous issues that transpired between April and June 15th. To obtain a clear understanding of the complications that transpired, the company believes that it would be in their best interest to consult a firm to look into the company’s issues and to help solve the problems that have emerged; this may be the most effective method to identify and recommend ways to improve ABC, Inc.’s recruiting of new trainees. I. ISSUES THAT TRANSPIRED The consulting firm came into ABC, Inc. and thoroughly examined background information on the situation. There were many key problems that had been identified during the evaluation. The issues that ABC, Inc. was facing were centered on Mr. Carl Robins, ABC, Inc.’s Campus Recruiter and also on the company ABC, Inc. To begin, Mr. Robins has been with the company merely a short six months. The consulting firm believes that Mr. Robins lacks experience, training and supervision. The firm also believes that ABC, Inc. did not train him properly nor did it provide him with the knowledge he needed to proceed properly with the hiring process. He lacked experience and knowledge of the hiring process and he was still allowed to hire 15 new  trainees for the Operations Supervisor, Monica Carrolls. Although hiring 15 new trainees is great accomplishment for a new employee, this might have been too many employees to be hired at once for a first recruitment. Because he is still new to ABC, Inc., learning about day to day operations, the hiring of 15 new trainees can be overwhelming, even to the most experienced of people. Another issue Mr. Robin’s was facing, was the lack of communication between him and the other employees in the office. On May 15th, he was contacted by Monica Carrolls about the following issues: the training schedule, orientation, manuals, policy booklets, physicals, drug tests, and a host of other issues, which Carl would coordinate for the new hires. Once again, Carl assured the Operations Supervisor, Monica Carrolls, that he would have everything completed and arranged by the June 15th orientation. After further review, Carl had realized that when going through the new trainee files to finalize all the paperwork for the June 15th orientation; applications for some of the new trainees had not been completed. Also, there were no transcripts on file and none of the 15 trainees had been sent for the mandatory drug screen. Another problem Carl had was that the orientation manuals were missing several pages from each of them and he only had three copies of the manuals. Lastly, upon checking the conference room to confirm the date of the orientation, he had not realized that the conference room had been booked for the whole month of June by the Technology Services Department. There are several concerns or issues that need to be addressed and that Carl and ABC, Inc. need to rectify. Below are the listed issues of these concerns that will be discussed. Review of addressed issues: 1. Incomplete employee applications 2. Mandatory drug screens were not scheduled 3. Employee transcripts were not on file 4. Incomplete orientation manuals 5. Shortage of orientation manuals 6. Resource scheduling conflicts II. PROBLEM SOLVING SOLUTIONS After the case review of Carl Robin’s, discussion of possible solutions available to rectify the situations at hand and the proposed solutions that Mr. Robin’s should take have been reviewed. Starting with concerns and issues, numbers one through three, the incomplete employee applications; Carl needs to contact the 15 new hires and make them aware of the absence in their records and have them complete the applications that need to be submitted to the Human Resources Department along with a transcript; they also have to complete a mandatory drug screen prior to orientation. Carl needs to set a deadline for the mandatory drug screens to be completed prior to the June 15th orientation training. On the concerns and issues, number four and five, the incomplete orientation manuals and the shortage of the orientation manuals. The orientation manuals were short by 12; Carl needs to make arrangements with company in house copy person to finish completing the orientation manuals he needs or he must contact an outside company to help rectify the need for the orientation manuals. Carl needs to have a â€Å"Main Copy Manual† made for himself or the next person that is in his position. A hard copy manual is something that should be kept on file, so that pages will not be misplaced and there will always be one on file. Carl seems to lack knowledge of ABC, Inc.’s policies and procedures. He must get to know the material in the company’s orientation manual prior to the July orientation. Reading over the material prior to the orientation and also going over what he will be saying to the new hires with his own supervisor or another staff member might be a good way to go about this. Mr. Robin’s can also make key notes to have for himself during the orientation so he can be prepared prior to the training. Lastly, on issue and concern number six. ABC, Inc. must make arrangements to find a better way to coordinate the availability of the conference room or rooms. By not having arrangements in place for this, Carl currently does not have a place to hold orientation that is to take place on June 15th; due to the Technology Services Department holding training for the whole month of June. Whether the system that they choose be a calendar type paper based or web based, ABC, Inc. should have something in place so errors like these do not occur again. A recommendation of a web based calendar and have one person take control of it is suggested. III. PROPOSED COMPANY SOLUTIONS The proposed company solutions that should take place are: refer all applicants to the Human Resources Department and also for all new employees establish bimonthly or monthly start dates to coincide with the company’s pay periods. Have orientation manuals printed either by an in house copy person or have orientation manuals completed by an outside company. Lastly, ABC, Inc. must set up a calendar system for reserving the conference room and Carl needs to go ahead and reserve this room on a reoccurring basis. It will be easier to cancel the reserved room rather than to go scrambling looking for a room to hold orientation in. A web based calendar controlled by one person is what is recommended. Having upper management hold a meeting to discuss implementing the proposed solutions should be an additional step to take for all corporate management. Also, upper management should meet on a monthly basis to discuss issues that may be happening within the company and use critical thinking skills to help determine what steps they need to take to help their employees better themselves at their jobs. This will bring good morale to the company and will make for a better work environment. CONCLUSION In conclusion, Carl Robins is an employee of ABC, Inc. and has been working for the company for just six months. He holds the position of Campus Recruiter and on his first recruitment hired 15 new trainees. Carl lacked supervision, knowledge and experience and was not ready for such a large task. He was missing applications and mandatory drug screenings that were needed to complete employee records. Carl also did not have proper completed orientation manuals. These issues led to a case study of Carl and ABC, Inc. and proposed solutions were recommended. The recommended solutions are as follows: 1. Refer all applicants to the Human Resources Department 2. All new employees to establish bimonthly/monthly start dates to coincide with pay periods 3. Orientation manuals to be printed in house or by outside company 4. Have a â€Å"hard copy manual† made of orientation manual 5. Set up a web based calendar system for reserving conference room or rooms It is not impossible to overcome these issues, the proposed solutions if set in place should make for a better work environment for the employees of ABC, Inc. References (2014). Case study: carl robins. University of Phoenix.

Namesake: Different Cultures Essay

The movie The Namesake explored many issues with regards to culture and the relationships in which we create within different cultures. Throughout the movie issues with parents, partners, different cultures and death all play a key role in purveying the messages the director wanted to get across. When the Ganguli family has to move from India to New York we see how relationships change and how Ashima has to change in order to adapt to the American lifestyle. Gogol who is Ashima’s son first started having a relationship outside his culture and without the backing from his parents with a wealthy white girl, Max. In the Bengali culture it is not accepted to have a relationship outside the same ethnicity. At first he embraced it and took on the American way of life, listening to American music, drinking wine and socializing with Max and her parents. Ashima never directly showed her disapproval of his choices but would frown upon them. From this relationship he drifted further away from his parents, spending more time with Max until the death of his father. From this tragedy he resorts back to his Indian culture where Max does not support this change. Furthermore the relationship fails due to not seeing eye to eye on the cultural differences and understanding his heritage and ways in which his family are bounded together through this connection. Later in the movie Gogol starts a relationship and marries Moushumi she is within the same culture, Ashima had previously tried to bring the two of them together in the past. She approves of the relationship and the practicing of the Indian culture they do together. However later on in the movie we find out Moushumi has been unfaithful. Even though both sets of parents approve of the marriage and the relationship it still fails, as this is not what Moushumi wants. It is more of what her parents and Gogols parents want. Due to this their relationship is doomed from the start as they are both living their parents wishes rather than their own. In contrast to both of Gogols relationships his parents Ashima’s and Ashoke’s marriage is a success in regards to the fact that it didn’t end from any doing of their own. Their marriage started as arranged through their parents. Due to both of them missing their Indian heritage after moving to the US they wanted to keep that very much a part of them. With this connection they both seemed to be happy and not want to rebel against societal norms and therefore their relationship seems to be a success. They embraced the American way of life but kept their Indian culture a big part of their life. Overall I really enjoyed the movie. It gave a lot of perspectives on life and how it is easy to get caught up in the society you live in and forget about who brought you into the world. The movie gave the audience a great insight into how family relationships form and how they can drift apart if you don’t make a conscious effort to stay in touch with that side. This is very much relevant to my life and me being in this American society as I have family back in England and it is easy to get caught up with everything America has to offer and the opportunistic way of life. However I still need to remember my family and keep a strong connection between them even though I am in another country.

How My Stories Were Written Essay

Have u ever read a story where you were related to or change your life? In the short story by Bulosan, he uses a few literary elements such as setting, and irony to show how someone’s life can be change by a storyteller. In the following, I will explain what is the role of the Apo Lacay in this short story and how he has helped the author to overcome in the new world. In the beginning of the story â€Å" It is true there are mountains which are green all the year round bordering the northside of the province of Pangasinan, my own native province, in the island of Luzon†, Bulosan uses setting to let us know where the story takes place; he also give us details on how it looks like. This place is so important to him because he was born and raised here; his childhood was not as greater as his adult life but he gain so many anecdotes about it. The people that lived in the village were attached to the past centuries and a lot of things have been said from one generation to another. There was a man who had lived more than anyone else in the village; he is a storyteller that comes from a mysterious dwelling in the mountains and start telling his tales to the children and adults. Repentantly, he became friend with Apo Lacay (the storyteller), and learned from his tales even if they were not true. The boy (the author) thought that there were wisdom from his tales and he wanted to remember what kind of people lived in the village when he moves to the land far away. We sometimes do not pay attention to what or whom we listen to, we do not realize that we can learn a lot from books or simple short stories and gain the greatest wisdom ever; no matter where we go, in this case the author went to America, nothing cannot take the knowledge from you. The boy has also learned that there is more fear among the man than in the night forest full of beast, birds, the trees, storm and tempests. â€Å"In the savage heart of man there dwells the greatest fear among the living†.

Project Shakti Essay

The project was started to explore the business opportunity of the rural market, where the competition will be less than the urban market. The first challenge faced by the Shakti was the low margin to its entrepreneurs and lack of owner ship. Its initial plan was, federations purchase products from HLL and then sell them to SHGs and then to outlets in village. In this model no one took responsibility. This challenge was overcome by changing the business model as follows: A member of the SHG appointed as entrepreneur, who borrow money from respective SHG and buy products directly from HLL. By this model responsibility is only for entrepreneur and no need to share profit as well. HLLs pilot model was with women because they are the bulk consumer for the HLL products and they have access to home of potential consumers. Easy part of the project was the selection of the entrepreneurs. Problem starts once the stock started piling up, which was almost equal to their annual income. To add on to this, loan repayment schedule was also started which was threaten the feasibility of the project. These entrepreneurs did not have any previous experience in undertaking independent economic activity added up failure of this task. HLL had overcome this with following initiatives: 1. They had introduced RSP, to control stock. To reduce the cost they hired the trainers to train entrepreneurs and outsourced the administration to third party 2. Offered incentive for visiting specific number of homes and offered additional incentive for selling specific brands 3. Negotiated with bank to get more time to start initial payment. To scale up the project, implementation team has to undergo following tasks: 1. Arrange government permissions and secure the support of the district administration 2. Identify and seal partnerships with NGOs well established in the region 3. Interact with mainstream HLL sales to identify market for PS 4. Locate SHG and convince them that the project shakti was a reliable, sustainable source of income for their members 5. Appoint a right women as entrepreneurs 6. Ensure a steady supply of products In many placed HLL was not able get support from government, presuming that these attempts are an explosive attempt of a large multinational. This was overcome by the appointing MART and helped them to expand to 50405 villages across 310 districts in 12 states. To scale up they have addressed the requirement of the small income group by introducing low price packs Introduced Vani programme to educate personals and communities on their health and hygiene. Next challenge faced was to change the focus of the buyers from local retailers to Shakti entrepreneur. It has been overcome by doing the following: 1. Personalized service 2. Door step delivery 3. Assurance of quality 4. Credit to regular patrons 5. Creating a network for sale and passing a percentage of the profit to them as well

The Ultimate Guide to Applying to Caltech

Known for its incredibly strong science and engineering programs, the California Institute of Technology is recognized worldwide as one of the top universities in the nation . Caltech boasts prestigious academic programs, renowned faculty, and a strong emphasis on research. Every year, these qualities, among others, draw thousands of applicants to the school. Caltech was originally founded as Throop University in 1891, and was renamed in 1920. Located in Pasadena, California, Caltech provides students with strong academic offerings and incredible research opportunities. Caltech prides itself on its emphasis on undergraduate teaching, has one of the lowest student-to-faculty ratios in the country. Approximately 300 faculty members teach 1,000 undergraduate and 1,250 graduate students. The Caltech faculty members are leaders in their fields, and among them are 34 Nobel Prize winners. Caltech is also home to numerous prestigious programs related to science and engineering. For instance, the Institute is in charge of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and operates â€Å"large-scale research facilities such as the Seismological Laboratory and a global network of astronomical observatories, including the Palomar and W. M. Keck Observatories†. Are you interested in applying to Caltech? In this post, we’ll walk you through the Caltech application and provide you with the tips, tricks, and insights you need to make your application to Caltech stand out. Caltech is a highly selective school when it comes to admissions. In the 2014-2015 admissions cycle, Caltech received over 6,500 applications. It accepted approximately 9% of those applications. 241 students ultimately enrolled in the Caltech Class of 2019. 54% of those students identified as male, and 46% identified as female. 15% were identified as being of underrepresented race or ethnicity, and 7% were international students. On the old SAT scale , the middle 50% range for Caltech was 2230-2340. The middle 50% for ACT scores was 34-35. The middle 50% range for the SAT Math Level 2 subject test was 790-800. 99% of the members of the Caltech Class of 2019 graduated in the top tenth of their class, and all graduated in the top quarter of their class. Caltech offers two programs under which you can apply: Early Action and Regular Decision. Caltech’s Early Action program is not binding, meaning that if you admitted under Early Action, you are permitted to apply to other and consider other schools. You also do not have to respond to Caltech’s offer until Decision Day, May 1st. The deadline to apply to Caltech under Early Action is November 1, 2016, and applicants will receive their decision in mid-December. The deadline to apply under Regular Decision is January 3, 2017, and applicants will receive their decision in mid-March. Caltech requires that applicants have taken the following courses, or be enrolled in them at the time of their applicants: four years of math, including calculus; one year of physics, one year of chemistry; three years of English, with four years recommended; one year of U.S. history/government, although this requirement is waived for international students. Caltech accepts both the Common Application and the Coalition Applicants. Applicants must also submit a $75 application fee or a fee waiver. In addition, applicants must submit either the SAT with writing or the ACT with writing, the SAT Subject Test in Math Level II, one SAT science subject test (biology [ecological], biology [molecular], chemistry, or physics), one evaluation from a math or science teacher, one evaluation from a humanities or social sciences teacher, the secondary school report, and academic transcripts. If you are international student, you must also submit your TOEFL scores and International Financial Aid Statement of Intent Form, which indicates whether or not you intend to apply for financial aid from Caltech. Note that Caltech is need sensitive when it comes to international students. Additionally, if you are an international student and plan to apply for aid, you are not permitted to apply under the Early Action program. Instead, you must submit your application for consideration under the Regular Decision program. Caltech neither requires nor reviews arts and music supplements . You may submit an additional recommendation from an individual, such as an extracurricular mentor or work supervisor, who can add another dimension to your application. Caltech asks that applicants submit no more than five total evaluations. If applicable, you may submit a scientific research paper you have published to Caltech. You will receive information on how to send such a paper to Caltech in your application confirmation email, once you have submitted your application.    Caltech does not offer merit scholarships, and financial aid is solely determined by the applicant’s need. Caltech meets the full demonstrated financial need of admitted students. Domestic students applying under the Early Action program must submit their CSS Profile and FAFSA by November 15, 2016. The Noncustodial Parent PROFILE, if applicable, and the IDOC are both due on January 6, 2017. California residents should ensure that their Cal Grant GPA Verification is submitted by March 2, 2017. The Caltech Scholarship Data Form is due by July 15, 2017. Domestic Early Action admittees will receive their financial aid offers in February. Domestic students applying under the Regular Decision program need to submit their CSS Profile February 1, 2016. Their FAFSA and Cal Grant GPA verification (if a California resident) must be submitted by March 2, 2017. The Noncustodial Parent PROFILE, if applicable, and the IDOC are due on March 2017 2017. The Caltech Scholarship Data Form is due by July 15, 2017. Domestic Regular Decision admittees will receive their financial aid offers in April. International students who are also applying for financial aid from Caltech must apply under the Regular Decision program. They are to submit the CSS Profile by February 1, 2017. If admitted, they must also submit the Caltech Scholarship Data Form by July 15, 2017. Admitted international students will receive their financial aid offers in April. The first section in the Caltech supplement to the Common App, titled â€Å"General†, asks a series of basic questions. You are asked which start term you plan to apply to (the only available answer is Fall 2017) and whether you plan to apply under the Early Action or the Regular Decision program. You are also asked if you intend to apply for financial aid from Caltech, and if you qualify for a Caltech specific fee waiver program. Caltech then asks if you are a U.S. citizen or a U.S. permanent resident. You also have the option of describing your sexual orientation and/or gender identity. The next series of questions focuses on academics. You are asked to indicate your proposed area of study at Caltech, and an alternate area of study. You can choose from any of Caltech’s majors. You should note that your response to this question is not binding, and is simply intended to give Caltech admissions officers a better idea of what you are interested in. The area of interest you indicate has no bearing on your application, and does not play any role in making your admissions decision. In this section, you also have the opportunity to list your scores in math exams like the AMC 12 or the AIME, if applicable. In the â€Å"Activities† section of the Caltech supplement, you are asked to list the extracurricular activities at Caltech that most interest you, in order of preference. You may choose from the following options: You are also asked to respond to the following short answer question in 200 words or less: What three experiences or activities have helped you explore your desire to study and possibly pursue a career in STEM? (200 words max) The next section, â€Å"Contacts†, contains only one question. Here, you are asked if you have previously applied to Caltech. If you respond affirmatively, you are then prompted to list the month and year in which you previously applied. In the â€Å"Family† section, you are first asked if you have any siblings applying to Caltech this year. If so, you are prompted to provide their information. You are also asked if any relatives have attended Caltech, and if any relatives have worked for Caltech. If you respond with â€Å"yes†, you are then asked if any of these relatives are a parent, grandparent, sibling, cousin, aunt, or uncle. If so, you are asked to then supply their information. The last section in the Caltech Supplement to the Common App asks a series of short answer and essay questions.

Health Impact Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health Impact - Essay Example Health refers to the ability of the person to function effectively, physically, socially, psychologically, spiritually, and intellectually. Effective physical functioning refers to the ability of the body structures to change and adapt to the changing environment. To different levels of physical stress, the body responds in all parameters of physiological functions, such as, heart rate, neural function, musculoskeletal function and others. The physical stressors may be of many categories. Of them, most important are muscular exercises, ambient temperature, and sound levels at work. The psychological stressors may be economic condition, housing condition, and family environment. The psychological stressors at work also influence individual's health status. Psychological stressors suppress cardiac parasympathetic nervous system activity leading to heart rate variability and eventually cardiovascular disease. Serious disease and treatment experiences affect the psychological, interpersonal, and spiritual wellbeing. It should be mentioned that this might yield both negative and positive outcomes.

Biblical Theme of Justice, Love, Fidelity, Mercy Term Paper

Biblical Theme of Justice, Love, Fidelity, Mercy - Term Paper Example The Old Testament narrates events that occurred during the time of Abraham, Moses, and the lives of Israelites. The common bible has 66 books written by various authors, at a different period influenced by the Holy Spirit. It is reputable that the bible is the most sold manuscript in the historical world compared to other literary books. Justice, fidelity, love and mercy are core themes found in the bible and are discussed aptly. Old Testament God is just and desires man to practice integrity according to his guidance and instructions. He wants justice to be practiced in interpersonal relations among the populace. Justice refers to policies and set of laws that bind the society mutually in the Old Testament. The laws in testament are aimed at bringing harmony and love among people. Justice is viewed as liberation when the Israelites were liberated from the repression of slavery in Egypt (Groody, 33) Justice is depicted when God made a covenant with the Israelites after rescuing them from oppression and taking them to Promised Land. "’(The Egyptians) made the people of Israel serve with rigour and made their lives bitter with hard service, in mortar and brick, and in all kinds of work in the field; in all their work they made them serve with rigour’ (Exodus 1: 13-14).† (The Irish Commission for Justice, & Peace, 4)... The term ‘Yahweh the liberator’ is common in Old Testament since he is responsible in assisting the demoralized, and defenseless in society. They were overworked for a period in anticipating that God would come to their rescue and deliver them from subjugation. According to the Old Testament, a person cannot be just when relating to the covenant made amid man and God (Groody, 33). The covenant required Israelites to be just by assisting the oppressed and deprived. Justice significantly emphasizes on quality of human relation rather than the social power and person’s rights. The relationship existing amid individuals should be guided by covenant’s qualities such as steadfast, love, mercy and faithfulness. Amusingly, Israelites perceived a ‘just’ person as an individual who is well off and lives a comfortable life. The continuity in the development of the theme is seen in the story of Job, whose life experience teaches people that justice is appr eciating good things in life and the ability to be aware that everything in existence is a gift from God. Prophet Zephaniah and Jeremiah esteemed the poor in the society since they were perceived as the chosen instrument in God’s implementation of justice. The act of justice by the Israelites is the basis of Israel’s faith. God is referred to as the ‘God of Covenant’ since he rejects worship that prohibits the significance and practice of justice. Consequently, for a Christian to be perceived as redeemer of the subjugated, he/she has to observe the duties critically (Groody, 32). New Testament Justice should prevail in society, and individuals should learn to be understanding and caring to be perceived justly. A ‘just’ person lives in accordance to the covenant way of life

GMCs Hummer Vehicle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

GMCs Hummer Vehicle - Essay Example The realist considers Hummer for its practical purposes, and will therefore make use of the vehicle's off-road prowess. The discerner is a connoisseur for the finer things in life, who appreciates Hummer's status, but is unlikely to go off-roading. The conqueror is a successful person who wants people to know it, who appreciates Hummer for its exclusivity and attention grabbing looks. The fourth type of buyer is the adventurer, who wants to take the Hummer off-road. (Amazing Cars - Magazine) By analyzing the percentage of the population that has these qualities, Hummer's U.S. target market segment is males between the ages of 25 and 64 who earn over $100,000 per year. ANALYSIS Demographic Information: "Hummer's target market segment cannot be very large because of the high price of the vehicle, which can be in excess of $90,000. Hummer must gear its marketing strategies towards this small group of individuals."1 Hummer's market segment consists of males between the ages of 25 and 44 who earn over $100,000 a year. This demographic group consists of Generation X'ers and some of the Baby Boom generation. These males are looking for specific vehicles that are geared towards luxury and status. According to 1999 census data , in the approximation of 40,698,000 males between the ages of 25 and 44, only 2,011,000 of them earn enough money to purchase a Hummer. This would give Hummer a market base of over 2 million consumers. This market segment is growing because of the change in this base from 2005 to 2006. The number of males within this age group who earned over $100,000 was 1,730,000 in 2004. That reveals a growth rate of 16% in one year. Also, you can infer that the number of people in general who can afford a Hummer is increasing due to the low unemployment rate, and the steadily growing U.S. economy. 1 ANALYSIS Demographic Information Hummer's sales would continue to grow due to the increase of its market segment coupled with the fact that the company is preparing to release new models that may cater to a whole other marketing segment. Cultural Trends, Attitudes, Values of Target Market The outlook on the buying attitudes of Hummer's target market remains robust in the future. The demand for luxury items has been steadily growing for the past couple of years. With the existence of a bull market, and a steady increase in national prosperity, today's high-income individuals have a healthy demand for luxurious goods and services. The SUV market in general has been steadily increasing over the past five years. According to American Demographics , forecasters estimate that 49% of the new vehicle market will be that of light trucks in 2005, and light truck sales will be greater than that of car sales in 2005. Today's consumers stress safety over other attributes when buying vehicles, which show the increase in demand for SUV's, which are proven to be safer than most cars in crashes. Also, American Demographics' study revealed that empty nest baby boomers are not moving towards sedans, but towards SUV's. Another value of today's consumers is in styling. Today's SUV's have been appealing to consumers because of their current styling blend of ruggedness and beauty. The image factor is also big in analyzing consumer trends. Consumers have a liking for

American teens and violent video games Research Paper

American teens and violent video games - Research Paper Example Accumulated evidence pointed that there was a â€Å"causal connection between media violence and aggressive behavior in some children† (Smith and Donnerstein). With the evolution of technology, the rise of the video game industry had given rise to a new form of entertainment that quickly became one of the favorite activities of children in the United States. Uninfluenced from economical distraught and recession, the annual income has increased over the years, with sales that amount to $16.6 billion in 2011 (fig.1).The target group of the industry included individuals ranging from various age groups, with teenagers being the one of the most prominent with surveys showing that â€Å"99% of boys and 94 of girls play video games†(Lenhart et al.). With the first appearance of video games, violence was almost always present, with the most notable example being Death Race 2000, a car racing game which involved running over spectators to collect points (Kent). Shorty after the release of the game in 1976, the uproar and protests by consumers led to the removal of the product from the shelves. The realistic nature of the game and the human-like forms that were depicted being killed in the game were the main concerns of the protesters. Other controversies created during that era included â€Å"Wolfenstein 3D†, which featured Nazi symbolism and violent shootings and the subsequent â€Å"Street Fighter† and â€Å"Mortal Kombat† franchises, featuring one-on-one fights and gory graphic sequences (Carnagey and Anderson). Violence in video games, as with violence in media, had been connected to detrimental effects on children and adolescents. With the appearance of the first violent videogame, media directly connected it with teen violence and murder instances. However since then, various correlation and observation studies have produced ambiguous and different results that either confirm or disprove the connection between violence in video g ames and aggressive behavior and violence in teenagers. This review will analyze the concept of violence portrayed in video games, the various aspects that are affected in teenagers, evaluate proposed solutions and suggest resolutions to alleviate those effects. Figure 1. Computer and video game sales from 2000 to 2011 (NPD) 2. Violence in Video Games The evolution of videogame technologies and graphics has differentiated the depiction of violence vastly from the original, with more realistic graphics and gore. The realistic turnpoint in the violence philosophy, was the fact that in Wolfestein 3D, enemies shot by the player fell and bled on the floor rather than disappear like in previous shooting games, clearly stating the shock value that granted the game popular and later banned (Kent). In 1993, with the release of Doom, the next major first-person shooter, new features were included such as players hunting and killing each other as well as more blood and gore. Modern-day violenc e in video games is distinguished in heroic violence and senseless violence. Games depicting heroic violence represent killing in the context of heroic narratives, obscuring the moral dimension of violence. These morally simplistic games present any actions taken by the player as justified and praiseworthy. The vast majority of these games are set during the World War II, one of the least morally objectionable wars in the modern history. The most prominent

Choose 2 or three different web sites that a student might access for Essay

Choose 2 or three different web sites that a student might access for information for a paper such as wikipedia - Essay Example Wikipedia uses this amount to buy bandwidth and for some other purposes. Wikipedia is a user- driven website that has a large number of volunteers to add and edit the articles. The founder of Wikipedia Jimmy Wales calls himself a volunteer too and works for the Wikipedia without any profit. There are only fifty workers in the Wikipedia that manages all the funds that are donated by the users. Wikipedia appeals to ours emotion as the site has no advertisements and the written content is free from any types of ads in between or after or before the article.The founder of Wikipedia believes that the Advertisements doesn’t belong to the Wikipedia and there is no way advertising on the reference page. To engage the viewer, Wikipedia holds almost every type of information and any person of any age can access Wikipedia with the confidence that it will provide the desired information. Either you are a medical student or a commerce student, it provider information about any topic in a d escriptive way. As the site is not for profit site so everyone is attracted by the site and viewing such explained information on any of the topic makes Wikipedia a website that has the solution for any of the question. Anyone can edit or up his writing on a certain topic. Wikipedia checks it and holds the authority to keep it or reject it. Wikipedia always emphasizes on the positivity of the article but if it discusses some personality or some issue it tends to remain neutral and if does not supports the positive characteristics, it does not support the negative characteristics. On all the issues it always tends to be positive but if there are more editors which have a negative attribute for the issue, Wikipedia then stays with the history and with the referenced material. On all other topics Wikipedia depicts positive characteristics and provide a positive message. There is a discussion page for every article in which anyone can discuss about the topic. The discussion page is also reviewed for positive and negative messages that could be utilized for the perfection of the article. The discussion page is for all the users and anyone can comment on the article and anyone can read the other’s messages. Anyone who has the internet access can utilize the information provided by the Wikipedia and use it as the reference material. The site has no passwords or any restriction for any of the user. But in some cases the website has the authority to accept or reject the edited version of any of the article. Such cases include if someone is unable to provide certain references for the articles or there are some grammatical or verbal mistakes in the edited version of any article. Wikipedia is improving day by day. The support given to the Wikipedia by millions of its users help improve the website. Users edit the contents and cite the article accordingly. The edited material is reviewed by the Wikipedia authority and by millions of the users that check the edited content. If there is still something left then it is edited by other user and again reviewed by millions of users. In this way the article becomes a perfect article. Ezinearticle.com Ezinearticle.com is another site that can be accessed for the information. Ezinearticle.com has a number of authors that write article for the ezinearticle.com. The articles on the site are free and can be accessed from any part

Children after Parents Divorce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Children after Parents Divorce - Essay Example This may be caused by the lack of parental involvement following divorce. According to Wood, Repetti, and Roesch, "From a child's perspective, having a sad, self-oriented, and withdrawn mother may evoke a sense of isolation and rejection, particularly if the mother is the primary caregiver. The child may attempt to re-engage the mother by making bids for 'negative attention'" (125). This negative attention manifests itself as anti-social behavior. In teenage children who are impacted by divorce, there are higher levels of alcohol, drug, and tobacco use (Andres and Gilman 3). Among adolescent girls there are increased rates of behavioral problems, lower self-esteem, and an increase in depression (Andres and Gilman 3). There is also an increase of early exit from the home environment, unplanned pregnancy, teenage marriage, and subsequent divorce (Lye 4-8). Lye further states that these actions are heavily influenced by the degree of post-divorce parental involvement, income, neighborhood, and parental conflict (4-8, 4-9). Younger children will be most affected by the upheaval in the family living arrangements.